STANDARDIZATION OF HORMONE AND VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUE ANALYSIS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS

Scientific Support Plan for a Sustainable Development Policy.
Standards for Foodproducts.

Monitoring programs: data obtained from the Annual Report of the Institute of Veterinary Inspection (Belgium) for 1994.

Monitoring Programs 1994

1. Hormonal residues

1.1. Random research (*) at slaughterhouses:

Species	Samples	Sample type	Amount	Positives	% positive
Cattle	2,144	Urine-RIA Urine-TLC Fat Faeces-TLC Faeces-RIA Liver	866 671 229 227 120 31	61 21 3 10 16 5	7% 3% 1.3% 4.4% 13% 16%
Calf	436 200	Urine-RIA Urine-TLC Fat Faeces-RIA Liver plasma-RIA-E2 plasma-RIA-T	234 88 33 79 2 200 200	51 0 0 6 0 143 17	22% - - 7.5% - 71.5% 8.5%
Pigs	823	Urine-RIA U-TLC Liver	758 58 7	180 5 0	24% 8.6% -
Sheep	0	Urine-RIA Urine-TLC Fat	0 0 0	0 0 0	- - -
Horses	1	Urine-TLC	1	0	-

Abbreviations: RIA = Radio-Immuno-Assay, TLC = Thin-Layer-Chromatography

(*) in the random research carcasses are chosen at random and not confiscated

(1) higher percentage because since 1993 clenbuterol and dexamethasone are included in the research

(2) only analysis for clenbuterol and dexamethasone

Hormonal residues: products found

Product	Cattle	Calf	Pigs
Nortestosterone	2
Methyltestosterone	7
Chlortestosterone acetate	3
Chlorandrostenedione	2
Chlortestosterone	3
Methylboldenone	2
Trenbolone	1
Fluoxymesterone	5
Zeranol	4
Ethinyloestradiol	5
Medroxyprogesterone acetate	1
Chlormadinone acetate	1
Clenbuterol	29	41	7
Mabuterol	2
Broombuterol	2
Dexamethasone	54	16	181
Betamethasone	8

1.2. Directed control (*) at slaughterhouses:

Species	Samples	Sample type	Amount	Positives	% Positive
Cattle	3227	Urine-RIA Urine-TLC Fat Injection site Import	630 623 1,394 580	5 12 38 282	0.8% 2% 3% 49%
Calf	201	Urine-RIA Urine-TLC Fat Injection site Import	55 37 100 0 9	0 0 0 0 0

() In the directed control suspected carcasses are analysed and confiscated awaiting the result of the analysis

Hormonal residues: products found

Product	Cattle
Nortestosterone	14
Testosterone	235
Methyltestosterone	87
Chlortestosterone acetate	222
Chlorandrostenedione	7
Boldenone	2
Methylboldenone	5
Stanozolol	187
Trenbolone	9
Trenbolone acetate	1
Fluoxymesterone	42
Oestradiol	161
Ethinyloestradiol	5
Oestradiol benzoate	91
Progesterone	206
Medroxyprogesterone acetate	11
Chlormadinone acetate	1
Algestone acetophenide	7
Delmadinone acetate	3

3. Anti-Hormonal residues

3.1. Random research at slaughterhouses:

Species	Samples	Positives
Cattle	307	1
Calf	66	0
Pigs	240	0
Sheep	0	0
Horses	0	0

Anti-hormonal residues: products found

Product	Cattle
Tapazole	1

3.2. Directed control at slaughterhouses:

Species

Samples

Positives

Cattle

Calf

4. Non-Hormonal residues

4.1. Random research at slaugtherhouses:

4.1.1. Antibiotics:

Species	Sample type	Amount	Positives	% Positive
Cattle	Kidney	734	72	9.8%
Calf	Kidney	397	133	33.5%
Pigs	Kidney	10,253	1,542	15.0%
Sheep	Kidney	81	3	3.7%
Horses	Kidney	11	0
TOTAL		11,466	1,751	15.3%

4.1.2. Sulfonamides:

7 samples were positive on a total of 301 analysed samples. 6 samples were from pigs and 1 from cattle.

4.1.3. Chloramphenicol:

One sample on a total of 302 analysed samples was positive. The positive sample was founded before the European Union forbidded the use of chloramphenicol.

4.1.4. Levamisole -Tetramisole:

On a total of 100 analysed samples, one sample was positive, namely from a pig.

4.1.5. Ivermectine:

No samples were positive on a total of 97 analysed samples.

4.1.6. Tranquillizers:

6 samples were positive on a total of 300 analysed samples. 5 samples were from pigs and 1 sample was from cattle.

4.1.7. ß-Agonists:

Product	Samples	Positives	Animal species
Clenbuterol	319	3	1 calf and 2 cattle
Mabuterol	319	1	1 sheep
Salbutamol	319	0
Clenproperol	319	3	1 cattle, 1 calf, 1 sheep

4.2. Directed control: Non-hormonal residues - antibiotics

Species	Sample type	Amount	Positives	% Positive
Cattle	Kidney	7,742	621	8.0%
Calf	Kidney	1,485	164	11.0%
Pigs	Kidney	20,006	431	2.2%
Sheep	Kidney	15	1	6.6%
Horses	Kidney	251	21	8.4%
TOTAL		29,499	1,238	4.2%

5. Livestock breeding companies :

5.1. Directed control: Hormonal residues

Species	Companies	Positive companies	Samples	Positive samples	% positive samples
cattle	107	47	1,145	211	18.4%
calf	15	7	170	49	29%

products found:

Product	Cattle
Fluoxymesterone	73
Chlortestosterone acetate	12
Methylboldenone	9
Methyltestosteron	40
Trenbolone	13
Medroxyprogesterone acetate	4
Ethinyloestradiol	21
Zeranol	7
Chlorandrostenedione	2
Clenbuterol	24
Dexamethasone	41

6.2. Directed control: anti-hormonal residues:

Species	Companies	Positive companies	Samples	Positive samples	% positive samples
cattle	3	1	2	1