STANDARDIZATION OF HORMONE AND VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUE ANALYSIS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS

Scientific Support Plan for a Sustainable Development Policy.
Standards for Foodproducts.

Monitoring programs: data obtained from the Annual Report of the Institute of Veterinary Inspection (Belgium) for 1998.

 

Monitoring Programs 1998

 

1. Hormonal residues

 

1.1. Targeted research* at slaughterhouses:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Amount

Positives

Cattle

969

Urine-TLC

Fat

Faeces-TLC

Injection site

Meat

347

270

310

12

30

0

0

0

0

0

Calf

159 (IEV)

Urine-TLC

Fat

Faeces-TLC

61

57

41

0

0

0

Calf

350 (BCV)

Urine-TLC

Fat

Faeces-TLC

44

278

28

0

0

0

Pigs

358

Urine-TLC

Fat

Faeces-TLC

126

126

106

0

0

0

Horses

10

Fat

10

0
TLC = Thin Layer Chromatography

 

* in the targeted research, carcasses are chosen according to the Directive 96/23/EC and the Decision 98/179/CE and not confiscated. A positive analysis involves sanctions against the farmer.
 

1.2. Research on suspect animals* at slaughterhouses:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Amount

Positives

Cattle

2734

Urine

Fat

Faeces

Injection site

Liver

855

991

149

190

549

0

2

0

15

5

Calf

346

Urine

Fat

Faeces

Liver

49

21

1

182

0

0

0

0
* Suspected carcasses are analysed and confiscated awaiting the result of the analysis. A positive analysis involves sanctions against the farmer.

 

Hormonal residues: products found

Products

Amount

Testosterone

3

20b-dihydroprogesterone

2

Nortestosterone

1

Ethylestrenol

14

Stanozolol

9

Methylboldenone

3

Norethandrolone
4

Betamethasone

4

Dexamethasone

1

Beclomethasonedipropionate

3

 

Evolution

Year

Amount

Positives

% positives

1988

4 164

484

12

1989

2 874

469

16

1990

3 120

934

30

1991

5 719

686

12

1992

4 497

490

11

1993

3 065

230

7.5

1994

3 003

309

10.3

1995

5 196

161

3.1

1996

5 574

208

3.7

1997
4 092
35
0.9

1998
2 734
22
0.8

 

 

2. ß-Agonists or Corticosteroids residues

 

2.1. Targeted research of ß-agonists at slaughterhouses:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Amount

Positives

Cattle

388

Liver-IA

388

0

Calf

33 (IEV)

Liver-IA

33

0

Calf

359 (BCV)

Urine-IA

Liver-IA

Faeces-IA

44

275

40

0

0

0

Pigs

1 711

Liver-IA

1 711

3

Sheep

10

Liver-IA

10

0

2.2. Targeted research of corticosteroids at slaughterhouses:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Amount

Positives

Cattle

697

Liver-IA

697

19
Calf
33 (IEV)
Liver-IA
33
0

Calf

109 (BCV)

Urine-IA

Liver-IA

Faeces-IA

28

49

32

0

0

0

Pigs

362

Liver-IA

362

0
IA = immuno-assay

 

Residues: products found

Products

Cattle

Dexamethasone

10

Betamethasone
9

 

 

3. Anti-Hormonal residues

 

3.1. Targeted research at slaughterhouses:

Species

Amount

Positives

Cattle

179

0

Calf

6 (IEV)

0

59 (BCV)

0

Pigs

113

0

 

4. Non-Hormonal residues

 

4.1. Random research at slaugtherhouses:

 

4.1.1. Antibiotics:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Positives

Positives %

Cattle

400

Kidney

13

3.3

Calf

1 263

Kidney

7

0.5

Pigs

2 621

Kidney

65

2.5

Sheep

30

Kidney

1

3.3

Evolution

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998

7.3 %

15.3 %

15.3 %

2.0 %

2.4 %
1.9 %
2.0 %

4.1.2. Sulfonamides:

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998

Samples

302

301

301

288

299
102
102

Positives

4

5

7

9

1
0
0

4.1.3.1. Chloramphenicol:

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998

Samples

4 782

2 351

302

279

303
235
225

Positives

12

0

1

11

1
0
0

4.1.3.2. Florphenicol:
1998

Samples
225

Positives
1

4.1.4. Oxfendazole-Fenbendazole:

1995

1996
1997
1998

Samples

99

99
242
235

Positives

0

0
0
0

4.1.5. Tranquillizers:
Pig

Samples
300

Positives
45

Products
Samples
Positives

Acetylpromazine
300
22

Azaperone/azaperol
300
15

Acetylpromazine and
carazolol
300
7

Acetylpromazine and
Azaperone/azaperol
300
1

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998

Samples

100

100

300

288

301
341
425

Positives

2

6

6

17

9
25
45

Positives %
2.0
6.0
2.0
5.9
3.0
7.3
10.6

4.1.6. Beta-blocker: carazolol

One sample was positive on a total of 101 analysed samples. That positive sample was from pigs.

1996
1997
1998

Samples

301
192
300

Positives

0
0
7

4.1.7. Phenylbutazone:

No samples were positive on a total of 52 analysed samples.

 

4.1.8. Acetylsalicylacide:

No samples were positive on a total of 210 analysed samples.

 

4.1.9. Nitrofuranes:

No samples were positive on a total of 225 analysed samples.

 

4.1.10. Dimetridazole - Ronidazole:

One samples were positive on a total of 100 analysed samples. That positive sample was from a pig.

 

4.2. Targeted control at slaughterhouses:

 

4.2.1. Antibiotics:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Positives

Positives (%)

Cattle

5 884

Kidney

371

6.3

Calf

859

Kidney

56

6.5

Pigs

168

Kidney

77

1.3

Sheep

1

Kidney

8

12.5

Horses

168

Kidney

11

6.5

Evolution

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998

4.7 %

4.2 %

4.2 %

5.1 %

6.2 %
6.7 %
4.0 %

 

5. Random research of poultry:

 

5.1. Hormonal residues

 

No samples were positive on a total of 120 analysed samples.

 

5.2. Antibiotics:

 

13 samples were positive on a total of 450 analysed samples (2.8%).

 

5.3. Chloramphenicol:

 

No samples were positive on a total of 90 analysed samples.

 

5.4. Nitrofurane:

 

No samples were positive on a total of 85 analysed samples.

 

5.5. Romidazole-Nimetridazole:

 

No samples were positive on a total of 95 analysed samples.

 

5.6. Acetylsalicylacide:

 

No samples were positive on a total of 30 analysed samples.

 

5.7. Coccidiostatics:

 

1 samples was positive for lasolacid on a total of 150 analysed samples.

 

5.8. Beta-agonists:

 

No samples were positive on a total of 179 analysed samples.

 

5.9. Anti-hormonal residues:

 

No samples were positive on a total of 31 analysed samples.

 

 

6. Livestock breeding companies:

 

6.1. Targeted research for substances with hormonal, -adrenergic or

production stimulating action

 

Species

Companies

Positive companies

Samples

Positives samples

Positives (%)

Animals destroyed

Cattle

30

6

756

67*

9

60

Calf

3

1

58

33**

57

1 825
* 60 samples were positive for forbidden compounds with oestrogenic, androgenic and gestagenic action or for forbidden compounds with corticosteroid action and destroyed.
** 33 samples were positive for forbidden compounds with oestrogenic, androgenic and gestagenic action or for forbidden compounds with corticosteroid action and destroyed.

 

Hormonal residues: products found

Products
Cattle

Pigs

Ethinylestradiol
4

/

Methyltestosterone
4

/

Dexamethasone
54

/

Betamethasone
7
/

Methylprednisolone
1
/

Clenbuterol
/
33*
** 33 samples were positive for forbidden compounds with beta-adrenergic action and destroyed.
 

 

 

7. Aquaculture:

 

7.1 Random research

 

7.1.1. Hormonal residues

 

No samples were positive on a total of 47 analysed samples.

 

7.1.2. Antibiotics:

 

5 samples were positive on a total of 99 analysed samples (5 eels).

 

7.1.3. Chloramphenicol:

 

4 samples were positive on a total of 50 analysed samples.

 

7.1.4. Quinolones:

 

One sample was positive on a total of 49 analysed samples (oxolic acide).

 

7.1.5. Anthelmintics:

 

No samples were positive on a total of 10 analysed samples.

 

7.1.6. Malachite green:

 

14 samples were positive on a total of 50 analysed samples (14 trouts).

 

7.1.7. Beta-agonists:

 

No samples were positive on a total of 47 analysed samples.

 

[Monitoring Programs]