STANDARDIZATION OF HORMONE AND VETERINARY DRUG RESIDUE ANALYSIS IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS

Scientific Support Plan for a Sustainable Development Policy.
Standards for Foodproducts.

Monitoring programs: data obtained from the Annual Report of the Institute of Veterinary Inspection (Belgium) for 1999.

 

Monitoring Programs 1999

 

1. Hormonal residues

 

1.1. Targeted research* at slaughterhouses:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Amount

Positives

Cattle

1518

Urine-TLC

Fat

Faeces

Injection site

Meat

623

361

504

4

26

5

0

1

0

0

Calf

180 (IEV)

Urine-TLC

Fat

Faeces

76

55

49

0

0

0

Calf

226 (BCV)

Urine-TLC

Fat

Faeces

56

126

44

0

0

0

Pigs

487

Urine-TLC

Fat

Faeces

167

192

128

0

0

0

Horses

19

Fat

19

0
Sheep
25
Fat
25
0
TLC = Thin Layer Chromatography

 

* in the targeted research, carcasses are chosen according to the Directive 96/23/EC and the Decision 98/179/CE and not confiscated. A positive analysis involves sanctions against the farmer.

 

Hormonal residues: products found

Products

Cattle

EED

1

16 OH Stanazolol

5

 

1.2. Research on suspect animals* at slaughterhouses:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Amount

Positives

Cattle

1475

Urine

Fat

Faeces

Injection site

Liver

580

537

100

87

171

3

1

2

5

1

Calf

101

Urine

Fat

Faeces

Liver

30

21

0

5

0

0

0

0
* Suspected carcasses are analysed and confiscated awaiting the result of the analysis. A positive analysis involves sanctions against the farmer.

 

Hormonal residues: products found

Products

Amount

Testosterone

2

Progesterone

5

Nortestosterone

1

Estradiol

5

Stanozolol

8

EED

1

Betamethasone

1

Dexamethasone

1

Beclomethasonedipropionate

3

 

Evolution

Year

Amount

Positives

% positives

1988

4164

484

12

1989

2874

469

16

1990

3120

934

30

1991

5719

686

12

1992

4497

490

11

1993

3065

230

7.5

1994

3003

309

10.3

1995

5196

161

3.1

1996

5574

208

3.7

1997
4092
35
0.9

1998
2734
22
0.8

1999
1475
12
0.8

 

 

2. ß-Agonists or Corticosteroids residues

 

2.1. Targeted research of ß-agonists at slaughterhouses:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Amount

Positives

Cattle

1137

Liver-IA

Meat

1036

101

0

0

Calf

108 (IEV)

Liver-IA

108

0

Calf

338 (BCV)

Urine-IA

Liver-IA

Faeces-IA

38

262

38

0

0

0

Pigs

2015

Liver-IA

Meat

1820

195

0

0

Sheep

18

Liver-IA

18

0
Horse
23
Liver-IA
23
0

2.2. Targeted research of corticosteroids at slaughterhouses:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Amount

Positives

Cattle

818

Liver-IA

818

11
Calf
107 (IEV)
Liver-IA
107
0

Calf

87 (BCV)

Urine-IA

Liver-IA

Faeces-IA

28

31

28

0

0

0

Pigs

653

Liver-IA

653

0
IA = immuno-assay

 

Residues: products found

Products

Cattle

Dexamethasone

11

 

 

3. Anti-Hormonal residues

 

3.1. Targeted research at slaughterhouses:

Species

Amount

Positives

Cattle

235

0

Calf

47 (IEV)

0

Calf

67 (BCV)

0

Pigs

129

0

Sheep
2
0

Horse
1
0

 

4. Non-Hormonal residues

 

4.1. Random research at slaugtherhouses:

 

4.1.1. Antibiotics:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Positives

Positives %

Cattle

400

Kidney

5

1.5

Calf

964

Kidney

6

0.6

Pigs

2599

Kidney

8

0.3

Sheep

40

Kidney

1

2.5

Evolution

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998
1999

7.3 %

15.3 %

15.3 %

2.0 %

2.4 %
1.9 %
2.0 %
0.5 %

4.1.2. Sulfonamides:

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998
1999

Samples

302

301

301

288

299
102
102
102

Positives

4

5

7

9

1
0
0
0

4.1.3.1. Chloramphenicol:

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998
1999

Samples

4782

2351

302

279

303
235
225
225

Positives

12

0

1

11

1
0
0
0

4.1.3.2. Florphenicol:
1998
1999

Samples
225
225

Positives
1
0

4.1.4. Oxfendazole-Fenbendazole:

1995

1996
1997
1998
1999

Samples

99

99
242
235
150

Positives

0

0
0
0
0

4.1.5. Tranquillizers:
Calf
Cattle
Pig

Samples
25
100
101

Positives
0
0
5

Acetylpromazine
Azaperol/Azaperone

Samples
101
101

Positives
1
4

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998
1999

Samples

100

100

300

288

301
341
425
226

Positives

2

6

6

17

9
25
45
5

Positives %
2.0
6.0
2.0
5.9
3.0
7.3
10.6
2.2

4.1.6. Beta-blocker: carazolol

One sample was positive on a total of 101 analysed samples. That positive sample was from pigs.

1996
1997
1998
1999

Samples

301
192
300
101

Positives

0
0
7
1

4.1.7. Phenylbutazone:

No sample was positive on a total of 52 analysed samples.

 

4.1.8. Acetylsalicylacide:

No sample was positive on a total of 225 analysed samples.

 

4.1.9. Nitrofuranes:

One sample was positive on a total of 225 analysed samples. That positive sample was from a calf.

 

4.1.10. Dimetridazole - Ronidazole:

No sample was positive on a total of 100 analysed samples.

 

4.2. Targeted control at slaughterhouses:

 

4.2.1. Antibiotics:

Species

Samples

Sample type

Positives

Positives

Cattle

4140

Kidney

201

4.9 %

Calf

805

Kidney

29

3.6 %

Pigs

7562

Kidney

54

0.7 %

Sheep

6

Kidney

0

0.0 %

Horses

117

Kidney

6

5.1 %

Evolution

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996
1997
1998
1999

4.7 %

4.2 %

4.2 %

5.1 %

6.2 %
6.7 %
4.0 %
2.3 %

4.2.2. Tranquillizers:

27 samples were positive on a total of 88 analysed samples (30 %) all from pigs.
Positives

Carazolol
15

Acetylpromazine
27

 

5. Random research of poultry:

 

5.1. Hormonal residues

 

No sample was positive on a total of 120 analysed samples.

 

5.2. Antibiotics:

 

26 samples were positive on a total of 461 analysed samples (5.6%).

 

5.3.1. Chloramphenicol:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 86 analysed samples.

 

5.3.2. Florfenicol and Thiamphenicol:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 86 analysed samples.

 

5.4. Nitrofurane:

 

One sample was positive on a total of 92 analysed samples. That positive sample was from a turkey.

 

5.5. Romidazole-Nimetridazole:

 

Three samples were positive on a total of 90 analysed samples. These positive samples were all from guinea fowls.
Positives

Hydroxyronidazol
2

Metronidazol
1

 

5.6. Acetylsalicylacide:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 30 analysed samples.

 

5.7. Coccidiostatics:

 

One samples was positive for lasolacid on a total of 150 analysed samples. That positive sample was from a chicken.

 

5.8. Beta-agonists:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 92 analysed samples.

 

5.9. Anti-hormonal residues:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 31 analysed samples.

 

5.10. Anthelmintics

 

No sample was positive on a total of 90 analysed samples.

 

 

6. Livestock breeding companies:

 

6.1. Targeted research for substances with hormonal, -adrenergic or

production stimulating action

 

Species

Companies

Positive companies

Samples

Positives samples

Positives

Animals destroyed

Cattle

35

12

2081

305*

15 %

305

Calf

3

0

87

0

0

0
* 294 samples were positive for forbidden compounds with oestrogenic, androgenic and gestagenic action and these animals were destroyed and 11 samples were found positive for forbidden compounds with corticosteroid action and destroyed.

 

Hormonal residues: products found

Products

Amount

EED

5

16 OH Stanazolol

289

Dexamethasone

11

Evolution

 

 

 

7. Aquaculture:

 

7.1 Random research

 

7.1.1. Hormonal residues

 

No sample was positive on a total of 54 analysed samples.

 

7.1.2. Antibiotics:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 108 analysed samples.

 

7.1.3.1. Chloramphenicol:

 

Two samples were positive on a total of 50 analysed samples.

 

7.1.3.2. Florfenicol and Thiamphenicol:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 50 analysed samples.

 

7.1.4. Nitrofurane:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 40 analysed samples.

 

7.1.5. Quinolones:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 61 analysed samples.

 

7.1.6. Anthelmintics:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 10 analysed samples.

 

7.1.7. Malachite green:

 

16 samples were positive on a total of 50 analysed samples.

 

7.1.8. Beta-agonists:

 

No sample was positive on a total of 54 analysed samples.

 

[Monitoring Programs]